Peer-Reviewed Scientific & Clinical Publications

Functional Imaging of Mitochondria in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Flavoprotein Fluorescence

Ophthalmic Surgery, Lasers and Imaging Retina - January 2023

ABSTRACT: This prospective observational study further implicates mitochondrial damage in AMD pathophysiology. Intermediate, geographic atrophy (GA), and neovascular AMD correlated with significantly increased FPF intensity (P < 0.001, respectively), while all AMD stages correlated with increased FPF heterogeneity (P < 0.001, respectively). FPF intensity and heterogeneity were significant negative predictors of visual acuity (P = 0.018 and 0.024, respectively)

Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Characterized by Flavoprotein Fluorescence at the Optic Nerve Head

Ophthalmology Glaucoma - December 2021

ABSTRACT: Higher FPF in POAG versus control eyes suggests the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction at the ONH rim in eyes with glaucomatous damage. The degree of FPF corresponds to disease severity, as measured by visual field and nerve fiber layer thickness metrics. Thus, FPF may represent a metabolic indicator of disease status that reveals the extent of injury in glaucoma.

A Review of Mitochondrial Flavoprotein Fluorescence for Retinal Metabolic Imaging

Retinal Physician - January 2022

ABSTRACT: Retinal pathologies, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma, are leading causes of ocular morbidity worldwide. Early detection and treatment of these pathologies has the potential to result in more positive visual outcomes…

Structural and Metabolic Imaging After Short-term Use of the Balance Goggles System in Glaucoma Patients: A Pilot Study

Journal of Glaucoma - August 2022

ABSTRACT: Short-term use of the Balance Goggles System (BGS) in glaucoma patients was not associated with the observable changes in conventional ocular coherence tomography (OCT) imaging, but metabolic imaging using peripapillary flavoprotein fluorescence (FPF) may represent a useful adjuctive investigation.

Functional imaging of mitochondria in retinal diseases using flavoprotein fluorescence

Eye - July 2020

ABSTRACT: This review article describes the literature surrounding mitochondrial FPF imaging in retinal disease. The authors describe the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in retinal diseases, experiments using FPF as a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro, the three generations of retinal FPF imaging devices, and the peer-reviewed publications that have examined FPF imaging in patients.

Flavoprotein Fluorescence Correlation with Visual Acuity Response in Patients Receiving Anti-VEGF Injection for Diabetic Macular Edema

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity - August 2018

ABSTRACT: These findings suggest that FPF can detect improvement in metabolic function preceding structural improvement and even with small changes in edema. Additionally, FPF may be supplementary to current diagnostic methods for earlier detection of therapeutic response to anti-VEGF treatment in patients with DME.

Noninvasive Detection of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Ocular Hypertension and Primary Open-angle Glaucoma

Journal of Glaucoma - July 2018

ABSTRACT: Despite lacking clinical evidence of glaucomatous deterioration, OHT eyes displayed significantly elevated macular FPF, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction may be detected before structural changes visible on current clinical imaging. Our preliminary results suggest that macular FPF analysis may prove to be a useful tool in assessing and evaluating OHT and POAG eyes.